3. nginx.conf配置文件

nginx 安装目录下，其默认的配置文件都放在这个目录的 conf 目录下，而主配置文件 nginx.conf 也在其中，后续对 nginx 的使用基本上都是对此配置文件进行相应的修改。

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#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
#    use eopll;
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root zyFile2;	    
	    index upload.html;        
	}
	location /Myupload
	{
	    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10000;
	    include fastcgi.conf;
	}
	location /group1/M00
	{
	    root /home/star/project/fastdfs/storage/data;
	    ngx_fastdfs_module;
	}
	location /hello/
	{
	    root yundisk;
	}
	location /upload/
	{
	    root yundisk;
	    index upload.html;
	}
	location /uploadFile
	{
	    fastcgi_pass localhost:9999;
	    include fastcgi.conf;
	    client_max_body_size 10240m;
	}
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

1. 第一部分：全局块

从配置文件开始到 events 块之间的内容，主要会设置一些影响 nginx 服务器整体运行的配置指令，主要包括配置运行 Nginx 服务器的用户（组）、允许生成的 worker process 数，进程 PID 存放路径、日志存放路径和类型以及配置文件的引入等。

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#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
#    use eopll;
    worker_connections  1024;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------

比如上面第一行配置的：

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worker_processes 1;

这是 Nginx 服务器并发处理服务的关键配置，\(\text{worker_processes}\) 值越大，可以支持的 并发处理量 也越多，但是会受到硬件、软件等设备的制约。

2. 第二部分：events 块

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events {
#    use eopll;
    worker_connections  1024;
}

比如上面的配置：

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worker_connections 1024;

events 块涉及的指令主要影响 Nginx 服务器与用户的网络连接，常用的设置包括是否开启对多 work process 下的网络连接进行序列化，是否允许同时接收多个网络连接，选取哪种事件驱动模型来处理连接请求，每个 work process 可以同时支持的最大连接数等。

上述例子就表示每个 work process 支持的最大 连接数 为 \(1024\). 这部分的配置对 Nginx 的性能影响较大，在实际中应该灵活配置。

3. 第三部分：http 块

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http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root zyFile2;	    
	    index upload.html;        
	}
	location /Myupload
	{
	    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10000;
	    include fastcgi.conf;
	}
	location /group1/M00
	{
	    root /home/star/project/fastdfs/storage/data;
	    ngx_fastdfs_module;
	}
	location /hello/
	{
	    root yundisk;
	}
	location /upload/
	{
	    root yundisk;
	    index upload.html;
	}
	location /uploadFile
	{
	    fastcgi_pass localhost:9999;
	    include fastcgi.conf;
	    client_max_body_size 10240m;
	}
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

这算是 Nginx 服务器配置中最频繁的部分，代理、缓存和日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置都在这里。

需要注意的是：http 块也可以包括 http 全局块、server 块。

3.1 http 全局块

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http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
}

http 全局块配置的指令包括文件引入、MIME-TYPE 定义、日志自定义、连接超时时间、单链接请求数上限等。

3.2 server 块

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 server {
     listen       80;
     server_name  localhost;

     #charset koi8-r;

     #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

     location / {
         root zyFile2;	    
  index upload.html;        
}
     location /Myupload
     {
         fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10000;
         include fastcgi.conf;
     }
     location /group1/M00
     {
         root /home/star/project/fastdfs/storage/data;
         ngx_fastdfs_module;
     }
     location /hello/
     {
         root yundisk;
     }
     location /upload/
     {
         root yundisk;
         index upload.html;
     }
     location /uploadFile
     {
         fastcgi_pass localhost:9999;
         include fastcgi.conf;
         client_max_body_size 10240m;
     }
     #error_page  404              /404.html;

     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
     #
     error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
     location = /50x.html {
         root   html;
     }

     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
     #
     #location ~ \.php$ {
     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
     #}

     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
     #
     #location ~ \.php$ {
     #    root           html;
     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
     #    include        fastcgi_params;
     #}

     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
     # concurs with nginx's one
     #
     #location ~ /\.ht {
     #    deny  all;
     #}
 }

这块和虚拟主机有密切关系，虚拟主机从用户角度看，和一台独立的硬件主机是完全一样的，该技术的产生是为了节省互联网服务器硬件成本。每个 http 块可以包括多个 server 块，而每个 server 块就相当于一个虚拟主机。而每个 server 块也分为全局 server 块，以及可以同时包含多个 location 块。

1. 全局 server 块

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   server {
       listen       80;
       server_name  localhost;

       #charset koi8-r;

       #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

       location / {
           root zyFile2;	    
    index upload.html;        
}

最常见的配置是本虚拟机主机的监听配置和本虚拟主机的名称或 IP 配置。

2. location 块

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location /Myupload
{
    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10000;
    include fastcgi.conf;
}
location /group1/M00
{
    root /home/star/project/fastdfs/storage/data;
    ngx_fastdfs_module;
}
location /hello/
{
    root yundisk;
}
location /upload/
{
    root yundisk;
    index upload.html;
}
location /uploadFile
{
    fastcgi_pass localhost:9999;
    include fastcgi.conf;
    client_max_body_size 10240m;
}

一个 server 块可以配置多个 location 块。

这块的主要作用是基于 Nginx 服务器接收到的请求字符串（例如 server_name/uri-string），对虚拟主机名称（也可以是 IP 别名）之外的字符串（例如 前面的 /uri-string）进行匹配，对特定的请求进行处理。地址定向、数据缓存和应答控制等功能，还有许多第三方模块的配置也在这里进行。

后端开发 > Nginx
#Nginx
3. nginx.conf配置文件
http://binbo-zappy.github.io/2024/12/15/nginx/3-nginx-conf配置文件/
作者
Binbo
发布于
2024年12月15日
许可协议